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Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the raw materials used in their construction. Understanding the composition and properties of these materials is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers.

Core Components of Sanitary Pads

The typical sanitary pad consists of several layers, each made from specific materials with distinct properties:

• Top sheet (contact layer)
• Absorbent core
• Back sheet
• Adhesive layer
• Wings (in some designs)

1. Top Sheet Material

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, non-irritating, and allow quick liquid penetration while keeping the surface dry.

Common materials:

• Polypropylene non-woven fabric
• Polyethylene perforated film
• Rayon or cotton blends

Properties:

• Hydrophilic surface for quick absorption
• Breathable to reduce skin irritation
• Soft texture for comfort
• Antibacterial treatments in premium products

2. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most critical component that determines the pad’s capacity and performance.

Primary materials:

• Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
• Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
• Cotton fibers (in organic products)

Properties:

• High liquid absorption capacity (up to 10-15 times its weight)
• Good liquid retention under pressure
• Rapid absorption rate
• Odor control capabilities

3. Back Sheet Material

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from transferring to clothing.

Common materials:

• Polyethylene film
• Microporous breathable films
• Non-woven fabric composites

Properties:

• Waterproof yet breathable
• Flexible and quiet (no crinkling sound)
• Durable to prevent tearing during use

Specialty Materials in Premium Pads

Higher-end sanitary pads often incorporate additional materials for enhanced performance:

1. Odor Control Agents

Activated charcoal or baking soda compounds are added to neutralize odors. Some pads use silver nanoparticles for antibacterial properties.

2. Cooling Gel Layers

Some premium pads incorporate hydrogel layers that provide a cooling sensation, helping to soothe irritation.

3. Organic Materials

For eco-conscious consumers, organic pads use:

• 100% organic cotton
• Bamboo fiber
• Plant-based biodegradable back