Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products that provide comfort and protection during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use. Let’s explore the key components of sanitary napkins and their functions.

## 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric (polypropylene or polyethylene)
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or bamboo-based materials

Function: The top sheet needs to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying to maintain comfort while allowing menstrual flow to pass through to the absorbent core.

## 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial component that determines the pad’s effectiveness. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Airlaid paper
– Cotton fibers

Function: The core absorbs and retains menstrual fluid. SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, while fluff pulp provides bulk and helps distribute the fluid evenly.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the waterproof layer that prevents leaks. Materials used include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous film
– Biodegradable materials like PLA (polylactic acid)

Function: This layer prevents leakage while allowing some breathability to reduce skin irritation and discomfort.

## 4. Adhesive

Several types of adhesives are used:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive (for wings and attachment to underwear)
– Hot melt adhesive (for bonding layers together)
– Natural rubber-based adhesives

Function: Keeps the pad securely in place while being gentle on fabrics and easy to remove.

## 5. Release Paper

This protective layer covers the adhesive before use. Materials include:

– Silicon-coated paper
– Plastic film

Function: Protects the adhesive until the pad is ready for use and allows for easy application.

## 6. Wing Materials (if applicable)

For winged sanitary napkins, additional materials include:

– Non-woven fabric
– Additional adhesive strips

Function: Wings wrap around underwear to provide extra security and prevent side leakage.

## 7. Fragrance and Additives (optional)

Some pads may include:

– Natural essential oils
– Aloe vera
– Chamomile extracts
– Antimicrobial agents

Function: These additives aim to provide odor control and skin comfort, though they may cause irritation for some users.

## Environmental Considerations

Many manufacturers are now exploring eco-friendly alternatives:

– Organic cotton topsheets
– Biodegradable backsheets
– Plant-based adhesives
– Chlorine-free fluff pulp

These sustainable options reduce environmental impact while maintaining performance.

Understanding these components helps consumers choose products that best suit their needs, whether prioritizing comfort, absorbency, or environmental friendliness. As technology advances, we continue to see innovations in sanitary napkin materials that improve both performance and sustainability.