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Sanitary Napkin Material Composition and Properties
Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to provide comfort and protection during menstruation. The materials used in their construction play a crucial role in determining their effectiveness, comfort, and environmental impact. This article explores the composition and properties of modern sanitary napkin materials.
Core Components of Sanitary Napkin Materials
Modern sanitary napkins typically consist of several layers, each serving a specific purpose:
1. Top Layer (Cover Stock)
The top layer is the part that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s usually made from:
- Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
- Perforated plastic films
- Natural materials like cotton in premium products
This layer is designed to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying while allowing menstrual fluid to pass through to the absorbent core.
2. Absorbent Core
The core is the most important functional component, typically composed of:
- Fluff pulp (bleached wood pulp)
- Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
- Sometimes blended with cotton or rayon
The ratio of fluff pulp to SAP varies depending on the product’s intended absorbency level.
3. Back Sheet
The back sheet prevents leakage and is usually made from:
- Polyethylene film
- Breathable microporous films in premium products
- Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options
4. Adhesive Layer
The adhesive that keeps the pad in place typically consists of:
- Pressure-sensitive adhesives
- Hot melt adhesives
- Sometimes includes release paper for protection before use
Keyword: sanitary napkin material
Key Material Properties
Absorbency
The absorbent core’s capacity is measured by:
- Fluid retention capacity (grams of fluid per gram of material)
- Absorption rate (how quickly fluid is absorbed)
- Rewet properties (how well fluid is locked away)
Breathability
Modern pads emphasize breathability to:
- Reduce skin irritation
- Minimize odor
- Improve comfort during use
This is achieved through microporous films and specially designed nonwoven covers.
Softness and Comfort
The top sheet must balance:
- Surface smoothness
- Textural properties
- Flexibility
These factors are measured through specialized textile testing equipment.
Emerging Material Trends
Biodegradable Options
Growing environmental concerns have led to development of:
- Plant-based top sheets (bamboo, banana fiber)
- Biodegradable superabsorbents (starch-based polymers)
- Compostable back sheets
