Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Composition

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow while providing comfort and protection. The effectiveness of these products largely depends on the quality and combination of their raw materials. Modern sanitary napkins are sophisticated products that incorporate multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric (polypropylene or polyethylene)
– Perforated plastic film
– Silk-like materials for premium products

Key functions:
– Allows quick liquid penetration
– Keeps the surface dry
– Provides comfort against the skin
– Prevents irritation

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial component responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both

Absorption mechanism:
– Fluff pulp provides initial absorption
– SAP particles trap and retain liquid
– Some products use air-laid technology for better distribution

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and maintains product integrity. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Cloth-like materials

Important properties:
– Liquid-proof barrier
– Allows vapor transmission (in breathable versions)
– Provides structural support

### 4. Adhesive Components

Various adhesives serve different purposes:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive (for panty attachment)
– Hot melt adhesives (for layer bonding)
– Release paper (protects adhesive before use)

### 5. Side Barriers (Wings)

Many modern pads include side barriers made from:

– Non-woven materials
– Elastic components
– Additional absorbent layers

Functions:
– Prevent side leakage
– Provide better fit
– Enhance security during movement

## Additional Features in Premium Products

### 1. Odor Control Agents

– Activated charcoal
– Baking soda
– Specialized polymers

### 2. Moisturizing Components

– Aloe vera
– Vitamin E
– Chamomile extracts

### 3. Specialized Cores

– Channeled cores for better distribution
– Multiple-density layers
– Quick-dry technologies

## Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are exploring:

– Biodegradable materials (bamboo, corn starch)
– Organic cotton topsheets
– Chlorine-free pulp
– Reduced SAP content

## Quality and Safety Standards

All materials must comply with:

– FDA regulations (for US market)
– EU cosmetic regulations
– ISO standards for hygiene products
– Dermatological testing requirements

## Conclusion

The combination of these carefully selected materials creates a product that effectively manages menstrual flow while prioritizing comfort, safety, and increasingly, environmental sustainability. Ongoing research continues to improve the performance and ecological footprint of sanitary napkin components.